The Altar of the Fatherland, Rome’s ‘Wedding Cake’ building

The Altare della Patria, also known as the Altar of the Fatherland, is one of Rome’s most striking monuments. Built to honor Victor Emmanuel II, the first king of a united Italy, it symbolizes Italian unity and national pride. Made of white marble...

Also Known As

Altare della Patria

The Altar of the Fatherland, Rome’s ‘Wedding Cake’ building

Did you know?

It is also known as the "giant typewriter" and the "wedding cake".

Altar of the Fatherland is known for…

✅ Honoring Victor Emmanuel II, the first king of unified Italy

✅ Home to the Tomb of the Unknown Soldier

✅ Iconic white marble façade visible from across Rome

✅ Panoramic terrace with stunning city views

✅ Symbol of Italian unity and patriotism

✅ Impressive bronze statues and grand staircases

✅ Museum of the Risorgimento inside

✅ Frequent site for national ceremonies and events

Must-see highlights of Altar of the Fatherland

1/8

Glass elevator

A modern lift that takes you up through the structure to the rooftop level.

Panoramic terrace

Ride the elevator to the top of the Altar of the Fatherland, also known as Altare della Patria, for 360° views of Rome, including the Colosseum, Roman Forum, and St. Peter’s Basilica.

Tomb of the Unknown Soldier

A national symbol of remembrance with eternal flames and ceremonial guards.

Statue of Victor Emmanuel II

A colossal bronze equestrian statue honoring the first king of unified Italy.

The Grand staircase

Iconic steps leading up to the monument, perfect for that postcard-worthy photo.

The Quadriga statues

Majestic bronze chariots pulled by four horses, symbolizing unity and liberty.

Museum of the Risorgimento

Explore Italy’s unification history through artifacts, paintings, and documents.

White marble architecture

Altare della Patria’s striking design stands out in Rome's skyline, especially at sunset.

Museum of the Risorgimento

Tucked inside Altare della Patria or Altar of the Fatherland, the Museum of the Risorgimento tells the story of Italy’s unification through a fascinating collection of historical artifacts. You can see original letters and writings, military uniforms, weapons, and flags from the 19th century, along with portraits and memorabilia of key figures like Giuseppe Garibaldi, Camillo Cavour, and Giuseppe Mazzini.

You can also explore Garibaldi’s personal belongings, rare documents from the wars of independence, and exhibits explaining how Italy transitioned from a divided land into a unified nation. It’s a must-see for anyone interested in Italy’s national identity and the struggles behind it.

Brief history of Altar of the Fatherland

1878: Death of Victor Emmanuel II, the first king of unified Italy. His death leads to the idea of a national monument to honor his role in the unification.
1885: Architect Giuseppe Sacconi begins designing the monument in an eclectic style, representing Italy’s national identity.
1884–1899: Several medieval buildings are demolished to make space for the monument in Rome's historic center.
1921: The remains of the Unknown Soldier are placed in the monument’s crypt beneath the statue of the goddess Roma, symbolizing the loss of soldiers in World War I.
1935: After years of construction, the Vittoriano is finished, and the Central Museum of Italian Unification (Museo Centrale del Risorgimento Italiano) is opened inside.

Who built the Altar of the Fatherland?

The Altar of the Fatherland was designed by architect Giuseppe Sacconi, an Italian architect known for his grand, eclectic style. Sacconi's design for the monument was meant to represent Italy’s newly unified national identity. The monument was also beautifully decorated by Angelo Zanelli, a skilled Lombard sculptor. Zanelli’s intricate sculptures and details bring the monument to life, adding a touch of artistry that complements Sacconi’s architectural vision. Both men played key roles in making the Altar of the Fatherland a symbol of Italy’s unity and pride.

The ‘Wedding Cake’ structure of Altar of the Fatherland

The Altar of the Fatherland is often nicknamed the ‘Wedding Cake’ because of its grand, multi-tiered white marble design. With its layered terraces, ornate columns, and elaborate decorations, the monument resembles a giant sculpted cake rising from the heart of Rome. While some locals use the nickname playfully, it highlights the monument’s unique and eye-catching appearance that makes it stand out from the city’s ancient ruins.

Frequently asked questions about Altar of the Fatherland

What is the significance of the statue of Roma on top of the Altar of the Fatherland?

The statue of the goddess Roma, which sits at the top of the monument, represents the eternal city and symbolizes Italy’s strength and unity.

Why was there so much demolition in the area before building the monument?

The area around Piazza Venezia had to be cleared of medieval buildings to make way for the Altar of the Fatherland. This included the destruction of several ancient structures to provide enough space for the monument’s massive size.

Is the Altar of the Fatherland really white marble?

The monument is made from gleaming white marble, which gives it a bright, almost ethereal appearance. However, the marble used is not purely white, but a mix of white and beige tones that give it its distinct look.

Why is there a museum inside the Altar of the Fatherland?

The Central Museum of Italian Unification is housed within the monument to showcase artifacts, documents, and exhibits that trace the history of Italy’s unification process in the 19th century.

Why was the Tomb of the Unknown Soldier placed in the Altar of the Fatherland specifically?

The Tomb was chosen to be placed here as a symbol of sacrifice for the nation, linking the monument to the collective memory of all Italians who died for their country, especially during World War I.

What role does the Altar of the Fatherland play on national holidays?

On national holidays, particularly on June 2 (Republic Day), the monument becomes the site of major state ceremonies, where the President of Italy places a wreath on the Tomb of the Unknown Soldier.

Why does the Altar of the Fatherland have so many horses and chariots in its design?

The monument’s design is heavily influenced by ancient Roman triumphal arches, featuring horses and chariots as symbols of power, victory, and the glory of Italy’s unification.

Is there an entrance fee?

While the monument itself is free to visit, there is a fee to access the elevator and get to the panoramic terrace.